8.1.3-+The+Nature+of+Data+and+Information


 * 8.1.3 The Nature of Data and Information **


 * ** Students learn about: ** || ** Students learn to: ** ||
 * • data

– the input to an information system

• data representation

– the different types of media, namely: >> >> >> >> >>
 * images
 * audio
 * video
 * text
 * numbers

• information

– the output which has been processed by an information system for human understanding

• the generation of information from data via the information processes • how information from one information system can be data for another information system || • distinguish between data and information in a given context • categorise data as: >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> • identify the data and the information into which it is transformed, for a given scenario
 * image
 * audio
 * video
 * text and/or numbers

• identify examples of information systems that use information from another information system as data ||

**// READ ME //** Below is an organised help table that will help you increase your knowlede in the nature of data and information. Below you will find the words that will come up throughout the course and especially in the topic of the nature of data and information. On the right hand side of the table you will find the explanation to the term on the right. These definitions will help you gain a better understanding of the topic. At the bottom of the table you will find some organised links so that you can either further your knowledge or gain another resources response to the nature of data and information. You will also find some review questions, aswell as a game that will give you typical multiple choice questions.
 * **Term** || **Explanation** ||
 * Data || refers to a collection of facts usually collected as the result of experience, observation, or experiment, or processes within a computer system, or a set of premises. ||
 * Input || Is the term denoting either an entrance or changes which are inserted into a system and which activate/modify a process. ||
 * Data representation || The form in which data is stored in a particular operating environment. Different operating environments use different standards or conventions for storing floating-point numbers (for example, IEEE or IBM 390); for character encoding (ASCII or EBCDIC); for the ordering of bytes in memory (big Endian or little Endian); for word alignment (4-byte boundaries or 8-byte boundaries); and for data-type length (16-bit, 32-bit, or 64-bit). ||
 * Different types of media || LINKS ARE FOUND BELOW ||
 * - Images || [[image:http://image.wetpaint.com/image/1/CBQ0WVM5YnLynF4koh6hGQ40743/GW231H227 width="231" height="227" align="left" caption="8.1.3 the nature of data and information - Information Processes & Technology"]]A visual representation (of an object or scene or person or abstraction) produced on a surface.

The audible part of a transmitted signal.
 * //**ile formats**//
 * **// .bmp //**
 * **// .png //**
 * **// .jpeg //** ||
 * - Audio || [[image:http://image.wetpaint.com/image/1/BmWj4P4DI4MbOF9P2-h-HA73095/GW176H141 width="176" height="141" align="left" caption="audio"]]


 * **// .wav //**
 * **// .mp3 //** ||
 * - Text || Characters, numerals and symbols that make up sentences and paragraphs.


 * ASCII
 * EBCDIC ||
 * - Numbers || A numeral or string of numerals that is used for identification, representation or amount.


 * ASCII
 * EBCDIC ||
 * - Video || [[image:http://image.wetpaint.com/image/1/8sG5X1eNYqT4MoYGM2ma6A44444/GW208H184 width="208" height="184" align="right" caption="8.1.3 the nature of data and information - Information Processes & Technology"]]The transmission of moving pictures or animation to a monitor or television.

__**Video File Formats:**__ **AVI** the metal or paper medium of exchange that is presently used in today's purchasing || the time data type is used to specify time. the time is specified bu the following form "HH:MM:SS" HH-hour, MM-minute and SS for seconds. || || ||
 * __MPEG-1__** ||
 * Information || A collection of related data; Knowledge about a topic; Data that have been processed into a format that is understandable by its intended audience. ||
 * Output which has been processed by an information system for human understanding || Data resulting from the operation of a computer. Output may be displayed on a monitor, printed, stored on a disk, or played on loudspeakers. ||
 * knowledge || the information,understanding and skills that you gain through education or experience ||
 * Generation of information from data via the information processes || Data which has been processed through a structured pattern of information content and program within a computational space. ||
 * How information from one information system can be data for another information system || Information from a certain information system can be data for another information system because the other because the other information system is more extensive and can hold a lot more information then the other. or the other information system has different data for it to compile the relevant informaion ||
 * Examples of information systems that use information from another information system as data || When a bank uses information from a recent credit card purchase so the bank collects the information from the store the purchase was made. ||
 * ASCII || Link to ASCII table ||
 * EBCDIC || Link to EBCDIC table ||
 * Integers || A whole number, such as 3 or 4 but not 3.5 (compare fraction) ||
 * Real Numbers || All the numbers which can be expressed as decimals ||
 * Currency (data type) || The currency data type is used to specify money. the currency is specified in the following form "DD.cc" DD-dollars(not finite), and cc-cents.
 * Date/Times (data type) || The date data type is used to specify a date. the date is specified in the following form "DD/MM/YYYY" DD-day, MM month and YYYY for year. all of these components are required.
 * Images || Visual representations produced on a surface ||
 * Bitmap || A way in which an image is stored with a fixed number of BITS for each unit of the image ||
 * Vector || A variable quantity that can be resolved into components ||
 * Sampling || Sampling is that part of statistical practice concerned with the selection of individual observations intended to yield some knowledge about a population of concern, especially for the purposes of statistical inference ||
 * Musical representation of individual notes || Music is represented as sheet or tab music. sheet music is the original way of reading music while tabs are the new and easy way for learning how to play musical instraments
 * MIDI || Musical instrument digital interface: a standard protocol for communication between electronic musical instruments and computers.

EBCIDIC AND ASCII
 * // USEFUL LINKS  //**

//** USEFUL GAMES **// The Binary Game You may have to register for at the CISCO Learning Centre to be able to play.